Civil War Era Photographic Portraiture no. 5
Originally Published in American Civil War Chronicles

Title
[Jesse Sharpe Barnes, later captain of Co. F, 4th North Carolina Infantry, in South Carolina militia uniform with sword and pistols]
Summary
Photograph shows identified soldier, Jesse S. Barnes, a Confederate captain who was killed on May 31, 1862, at Seven Pines, Virginia. Captain Barnes probably fought in a South Carolina militia unit before organizing the Wilson Light Infantry which became Company F, 4th North Carolina Infantry and began enlisting on April 18, 1861. (Source: Katharina Schlichtherle, 2015)
Created / Published
[between 1861]
Subject Headings
– Barnes, Jesse Sharpe,–1838-1862
– Confederate States of America.–Army.–North Carolina Infantry Regiment, 4th.–Company F–People–1860-1870
– Soldiers–Confederate–1860-1870
– Military uniforms–Confederate–1860-1870
– Handguns–1860-1870
– Daggers & swords–1860-1870
– United States–History–Civil War, 1861-1865–Military personnel–Confederate
Headings
Ambrotypes–Hand-colored–1860-1870.
Portrait photographs–1860-1870.
Genre
Portrait photographs–1860-1870
Ambrotypes–Hand-colored–1860-1870
Notes
– Identification based on an almost identical photograph of Jesse S. Barnes published in Histories of the several regiments and battalions from North Carolina, in the great war 1861-’65 … Ed. by Walter Clark. Raleigh : E.M. Uzzell, printer, 1901, vol. 1, bet. pp. 256-257. The uniform depicted in the book shows has been painted over to change it to a North Carolina uniform.
– Title devised by Library staff.
– Case: Leather; floral and scroll design.
– Jesse Sharpe Barnes was brother to William Sharpe Barnes who is depicted in AMB/TIN no. 2697 and cousin to Thomas A. Martin who is tentatively identified as being depicted in AMB/TIN no. 2696.
– Palmetto tree insignia on cap.
– Vintage mat supplied by donor.
– Gift; Tom Liljenquist; 2011; (DLC/PP-2012:127).
– More information about this collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.lilj
– Purchased from: Bryan Watson, Civil War Images, Torrington, Wyoming, 2011, who obtained this photograph with two others, one of William Sharpe Barnes (AMB/TIN no. 2697) and the second one tentatively identified as Thomas A. Martin (AMB/TIN no. 2696), from an estate in Florida.
– Forms part of: Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs (Library of Congress).
Medium
1 photograph : quarter-plate ambrotype, hand-colored ; 11.9 x 9.3 cm (case)
Call Number/Physical Location
AMB/TIN no. 2730 [P&P]
Source Collection
Ambrotype/Tintype filing series (Library of Congress) Liljenquist Family collection (Library of Congress)
Repository
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital Id
ppmsca 31657 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.31657
Library of Congress Control Number
2011648526
Reproduction Number
LC-DIG-ppmsca-31657 (digital file from original item)

Library of Congress permalink
___________
Mike’s notes:

Note – This image has been digitally adjusted for one or more of the following:
– fade correction,
– color, contrast, and/or saturation enhancement
– selected spot and/or scratch removal
– cropped for composition and/or to accentuate subject

Royalty-free images by Mike¹ — No. 158 of over 1200 images

Buffalo Gap National Grassland, South Dakota, August 23, 2007

Buffalo Gap National Grassland²

Buffalo Gap National Grassland is a National Grassland located primarily in southwestern South Dakota. It is second largest National Grassland in the United States after Little Missouri National Grassland in North Dakota. Characteristics of the grasslands include mixed prairie and chalky badlands. The grassland is managed by the U.S. Forest Service and is a division of Nebraska National Forest. In descending order of land area it is located in parts of Fall River, Pennington, Jackson, and Custer counties.

Buffalo Gap National Grassland is managed by the Forest Service together with the Nebraska and Samuel R. McKelvie National Forests and the Fort Pierre and Oglala National Grasslands from common offices in Chadron, Nebraska. There are local ranger district offices located in Hot Springs and Wall. It also surrounds Badlands National Park and Minuteman Missile National Historic Site.

(read more)

Post Endnotes

1. I am sharing some of my public domain images in periodic blog posts.
2. “Buffalo Gap National Grassland.” Wikipedia, last edited May 3, 2021. Accessed October 2, 2021.  https://en.wikipedia.org/…Grassland.

Series Notes:

• This image is also shared as public domain on Pixabay, Flickr, and Pinterest.
• Images are being shared in the sequence they were accepted by Pixabay, a royalty-free image-sharing site.
• Only images specifically identified as such are public domain or creative commons on our pages.
• All other images are copyright protected by me, creative commons, or used under the provisions of fair use.

Police route Communists with tear gas at a demonstration during Congress opening.
Washington, D.C., December 1, 1930¹

Times Wide World Photos “Red Riot at Capitol” December 1, 1930³

A Protest Against “Discriminatory Legislation”

The demonstrators, claiming to be delegates to the “National Conference for the Protection of the Foreign Born”^4,5 had arrived at the capitol in groups of twos and threes and by a prearranged signal formed into a solid mass of several hundred with many bearing placards with inscriptions such as “Down With Discriminatory Legislation” and “Down With Fingerprinting of Aliens.”  Just as Congress was convening at noon, the crowd was charged by about 20 Capitol Police who tore down the signs, trampling them underfoot. A fight broke out as the demonstrators resisted the police efforts to disperse the demonstrators. A detail of Metropolitan Police, as well as a number of spectators, rushed in to help the Capitol Police.

The police mixed in with the resisting radicals and a number of the officers had to use their clubs to ward off threatened attacks by members of the mob. With the struggling group surrounded by a constantly growing circle of excited spectators, the police began firing the tear gas devices, the explosions of which gave rise to false reports that shooting had begun. Agitators, police and many of the spectators were affected by the fumes of the gas and weeping was general. News and movie photographers were in the thick of things and they, too, suffered so much that picture taking was temporarily halted. Impromptu orators perched on the Capitol steps answered the tirades of the Communists. Shouts of “take them away,” “put them all in jail,” came from the men and women who jammed the steps and platforms of the building, while answering shouts of “down with empirialism” and “down with the dirty cowards” arose from the radicals.⁶

A police officer fires a tear gas pistol at demonstrators at the edge of the U.S. Capitol grounds December 1, 1930.⁷

Police use clubs and tear gas at the foot of the U.S. Capitol to break up a demonstration at the opening of the Third Session of the 71st Congress⁸

1. Harris & Ewing. “Police Route Communists with Tear Gas at Demonstration during Congress Opening.” Library of Congress, image December 1, 1930. Accessed September 30, 2021. https://www.loc.gov/….2016878950.
2. “Battle Reds as Congress Opens Session.” Indianapolis Times, December 1, 1930, page 1, col. 1.
3. “Times Wide World Photos. ‘Red Riot at Capitol.’” The Museum of Modern Art. Accessed September 30, 2021. https://www.moma.org…58742.
4. “American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born.” Wikipedia, as of May 26, 2021 edit. Accessed September 30, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org/…Protection_of_Foreign_Born.
   • National Council for the Protection of the Foreign Born… seen by the US federal government as subversive for “protecting foreign Communists who come to this country,” thus “enabling them to operate here.
5. “Organize National Council for Protection of Foreign-Born.” News Release from the Workers Party of America Press Service. January 30, 1923. Accessed September 30, 2021. https://www.marxists.org/…wpa-natcouncilforeign.pdf.
6. “Police Use Tear Gas on Reds in Capitol Grounds.” The Evening Star. Washington, D.C. December 1, 1930, page 1.
7. “Cops Use Tear Gas on Immigration Protest: 1930.” Flickr. Image December 1, 1930. Accessed September 30, 2021 https://www.flickr.com/….
8. “Gas and Clubs Rout Protesters at Capitol: 1930.” Flickr. Accessed September 30, 2021. https://www.flickr.com.

This post is part of a continuing series of posts exploring the almost 16 years between the crash of the stock market and the end of World War 2—no limits, no specific focus.

Posts already prepared—both published and scheduled—are listed at Dust, drought, depression, and war – the posts.

50 Years Ago No. 3

Walt Disney World opens October 1, 1971, near Orlando, Florida.

On October 1, 1971, Walt Disney World¹ initially opened what is now called Magic Kingdom² as well as two resorts, Disney’s Contemporary Resort³ and Disney’s Polynesian Village Resort.⁴

Located near Orlando, Florida, Magic Kingdom began with twenty-three attractions.  Three were new to the park and twenty were replicas of attractions at the original park, Disneyland in California.  The theme park was laid out like a wheel with Cinderella Castle at the hub.  Pathways led from the castle into six themed “lands:” Adventureland, Fantasyland, Frontierland, Liberty Square, Tomorrowland, and Main Street USA.

Magic Kingdom opened in October in the hopes that the first crowds would be small, unlike the July 17th, 1955, disastrous opening of Disneyland in Anaheim, California.⁵

While the Florida Highway Patrol had issued a statement that estimated as many as 300,000 people might try to be the first to visit Magic Kingdom, only about 10,000 showed up to be entertained and supported by 5,500 cast members and workers.  This gave the theme park time to work out problems before official dedications and media events that occurred later in the month.

1. “Walt Disney World.” Wikipedia as of September 17, 2021 edit. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://en.wikipedia…Walt_Disney_World.
2. “Magic Kingdom.” Wikipedia, as of August 31, 2021 edit. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org… Magic_Kingdom.
3. “Disney’s Contemporary Resort.” Wikipedia, as of August 17, 2021 edit. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org…Contemporary_Resort.
4. “Disney’s Polynesian Village Resort.” Wikipedia, as of August 16, 2021 edit. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org…Polynesian_Village_Resort.
5. Daubs, Katie. “Disneyland on Day 1 Was a Disaster They Called ‘Black Sunday.’” thestar.com, July 17, 2016. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://www.thestar.com…a-disaster-they-called-black-sunday.

It was a preview of sorts, meant for celebrities, press and various VIPS, with a live television broadcast. But tickets were counterfeited and the park was unprepared for the 35,000 that came.

Traffic jammed the freeway, and children were reported to be urinating in the parking lot because they had been trapped in their cars so long. Some rides weren’t ready, some broke down and vendors ran out of food. A plumbers strike in the weeks before the opening meant Walt Disney had to make a decision: the bathrooms were working, but not the drinking fountains.

Shift change traffic near Connecticut’s United Aircraft Plant, 1941

Pre-World War II Aircraft Production¹

In 1939, U.S. military aircraft production was less than 3,000 planes.  Earlier in the year, President Roosevelt appealed to Congress for funding to procure aircraft for the Army Air Corps which, at that time, only had about 1,700 planes.  Congress authorized the procurement of 3,251 aircraft.

The Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed for arms trade with belligerent nations (Great Britain and France) on a cash-and-carry basis. By 1940, the British had ordered $1,200,000,000 worth of aircraft.

The American aircraft industry quickly adapted to the demands of war.  In 1939 contracts assumed single shift production, but the factories soon moved to two- and then three-shift schedules.

Photograph information at the Library of Congress

Title: Congestion outside United Aircraft plant at afternoon change of shift. East Hartford Connecticut
Creator(s): Wolcott, Marion Post, 1910-1990, photographer
Date Created/Published: 1941 May-June.
Medium: 1 negative : nitrate ; 35 mm.
Reproduction Number: LC-USF33-031221-M5 (b&w film nitrate neg.) LC-DIG-fsa-8a44116 (digital file from original neg.)
Rights Advisory: No known restrictions. For information, see U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs
Call Number: LC-USF33- 031221-M5 [P&P] LOT 1285 (corresponding photographic print)
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, DC 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Notes:
….Title and other information from caption card.
….Transfer; United States. Office of War Information. Overseas Picture Division. Washington Division; 1944.
….More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.fsaowi

Library of Congress item permalink

Mike’s notes:

Image restoration note – This image has been digitally adjusted for one or more of the following:
– fade correction,
– color, contrast, and/or saturation enhancement
– selected spot and/or scratch removal
– cropped for composition and/or to accentuate subject matter
– straighten image

Image restoration is the process of using digital restoration tools to create new digital versions of the images while also improving their quality and repairing damage.

Royalty-free images by Mike¹ — No. 157 of over 1200 images

Custer State Park, South Dakota, August 22, 2007

Pronghorn – Antilocapra americana²

The pronghorn is a unique North American mammal. Its Latin name, Antilocapra americana, means “American goat-antelope,” but it is not a member of the goat or the antelope family and it is not related to the antelopes found in Africa. The pronghorn is the only surviving member of the Antilocapridae family and it has been in North America for over a million years.

The pronghorn is the fastest animal in the Western Hemisphere. It can run at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour and it can run long distances at speeds of 30-40 miles per hour. It can make bounds of up to 20 feet when it is running. When the pronghorn runs, its mouth is open so it can breathe in extra oxygen. Speed is important because the pronghorn lives in open areas, and there is no place to hide from a predator. It has to be able to run away.

(read more)

Post Endnotes

1. 1. I am sharing some of my public domain images in periodic blog posts.
   2. “Pronghorn – Antilocapra Americana – Natureworks.” New Hampshire PBS. Accessed September 28, 2021. https://nhpbs.org…pronghorn….

Series Notes:

• This image is also shared as public domain on Pixabay, Flickr, and Pinterest.
• Images are being shared in the sequence they were accepted by Pixabay, a royalty-free image-sharing site.
• Only images specifically identified as such are public domain or creative commons on our pages.
• All other images are copyright protected by me, creative commons, or used under the provisions of fair use.

We’ve been traveling to Benton County, Arkansas, since just after we married in 1972. Karen’s family had moved there a couple of years earlier.

At that time, the county’s population was around 56,000.  By the time we moved to Pope County, Arkansas after I got out of the Navy in 1980, Benton County’s population was up to 78,115.

Benton County’s average population increase since 1960 has been about 41% per decade.  The population in 2020 was 284,333.¹  With that kind of population rise, long-term infrastructure planning and construction² has been and continues to be essential.

In 1966, Benton County, Washington County, and the cities of Benton­ville, Fayetteville, Rogers, Siloam Springs, and Springdale formed the Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission (NWARPC). In 1983, it was designated as the region’s “Metropolitan Planning Organi­zation (MPO) under U.S. DOT regulations for transportation planning purposes. The MPO is designated by the Governors of Arkansas and Missouri to conduct the federally mandated 3C (Comprehensive, Continuing and Cooperative) planning process necessary for transportation projects to qualify for federal transportation funds.”  With the continued growth of the region, today “NWARPC’s membership includes 35 units of govern­ment in Benton, Madison, and Washington Counties, Arkansas; McDonald County and Pineville, Missouri; the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD); the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT); transit agencies; and Beaver Water District.”³

The Arkansas Economic Development Institute (AEDI) in 2019 projected that by 2045 Benton County will reach a population of 545,893 people with 428,382 in neighboring Washington County for a total of 974,275.⁴

In the 80s, our normal  150 miles or so drive to my in-law’s home was west on Interstate⁵ 40 to Alma and, from there, north over the Boston Mountains on mostly two-lane highways that sometimes saw heavy traffic.  The route went through every town along the way, big and small.  With the top speed limit 55 mph, even on the interstate, depending on traffic we’d be lucky to get up there in under 4 hours.  Needless to say, we didn’t drive up and back the same day.

Over time, our trips’ duration shortened as new four-lane roads were added bypassing many of the towns and cities, with the first being a bypass around Fayetteville.  Today all but 16.5 miles of the original trip would be by interstate highways.

Recently, our youngest daughter, Jessica, and her husband and daughter, Shane and Ciera, moved back to Arkansas, buying a place in Benton County that is 8 miles further from us than Karen’s parents’ place was.  All but 12.5 miles is by the interstate.  The speed limit is 75 mph over most of the route and driving time is about 2.5 hours.

On September 30, a ribbon-cutting ceremony will mark the completion of the Belle Vista Bypass, also called the Missouri-Arkansas Connector, opening a new 18.9 mile part of Interstate 49—connecting the previously completed portions of the interstate in Missouri and Arkansas.  The governors of Arkansas and Missouri will join other state officials and legislators at the Arkansas-Missouri state line for the celebration.  The completion of the project links 265 miles of Interstate 49 from Fort Smith, Arkansas to Kansas City, Missouri. It will officially open on October 1.⁶

1. “Benton County, Arkansas.” Wikipedia, as of edit of August 27, 2021. Accessed September 27, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org…Benton_County….
2. Through the 1980s into the 1990s, highway and street construction companies in Northwest Arkansas had an off-season during the cooler months where most of their employees were laid off because of lack of demand.  The explosive growth of the region has kept road construction workers employed year-round for many years.
3. “About NWARPC.” Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission. Accessed September 28, 2021. https://www.nwarpc.org/nwarpc/.
4. “NWA Metropolitan Transportation Plan.” Chapter 3, Population, Housing, and Landuse. Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission. Accessed September 28, 2021. https://www.nwarpc.org…Chapter 3.
5. The U.S. Interstate Highway System is a network of controlled-access highways.  A fully controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals, intersections or property access. They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths, which are instead carried by overpasses and underpasses. Entrances and exits to the highway are provided at interchanges by ramps, which allow for speed changes between the highway and arterials and collector roads. On the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety and capacity.
   • “Interstate Highway System.” Wikipedia, as of edit of September 10, 2021. Accessed September 28, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org…Interstate_Highway_System.
   • “Controlled-Access Highway.” Wikipedia, as of edit of September 25, 2021. Accessed September 28, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org…Controlled-access_highway.
6. Della Rosa, Jeff. “Bella Vista Bypass to OPEN Oct. 1 as Part of Interstate 49.” Talk Business & Politics, September 17, 2021. Accessed September 28, 2021. https://talkbusiness.net…bella-vista-bypass….

Royalty-free images by Mike¹ — No. 156 of over 1200 images



McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System²

The McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System (MKARNS) is part of the United States inland waterway system originating at the Tulsa Port of Catoosa and running southeast through Oklahoma and Arkansas to the Mississippi River. The total length of the system is 445 miles (716 km). It was named for two Senators, Robert S. Kerr (D-OK) and John L. McClellan (D-AR), who pushed its authorizing legislation through Congress. The system officially opened on June 5, 1971. President Richard M. Nixon attended the opening ceremony. It is operated by the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).

While the system primarily follows the Arkansas River, it also includes portions of the Verdigris River in Oklahoma, the White River in Arkansas, and the Arkansas Post Canal, a short canal named for the nearby Arkansas Post National Memorial which connects the Arkansas and White Rivers.

Through Oklahoma and Arkansas, dams artificially deepen and widen the modest-sized river to build it into a commercially navigable body of water. The design enables traffic to overcome an elevation difference of 420 feet (130 m) between the Mississippi River and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. Along the section of the Arkansas River that carries the McClellan–Kerr channel, the river sustains commercial barge traffic and offers passenger and recreational use. Here, the system is a series of reservoirs.

Post Endnotes

1. 1. I am sharing some of my public domain images in periodic blog posts.
   2. “McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System.” Wikipedia page as of  July 29, 2021edit. Accessed September 26, 2021.  https://en.wikipedia.org…McClellan-Kerr.

Series Notes:

• This image is also shared as public domain on Pixabay, Flickr, and Pinterest.
• Images are being shared in the sequence they were accepted by Pixabay, a royalty-free image-sharing site.
• Only images specifically identified as such are public domain or creative commons on our pages.
• All other images are copyright protected by me, creative commons, or used under the provisions of fair use.

Royalty-free images by Mike¹ — No. 155 of over 1200 images

Fairfield Lake State Park, Texas, January 27, 2007

We visited Fairfield Lake State Park on our first post-retirement trip.  Retirement wasn’t actually official yet—I was burning up accumulated vacation time and would be returning to check offsite at the end of February.  We planned to travel further but I had developed problems with one of my feet and legs so we headed back home.  It turned out to be cellulitis² and we ended up staying home until an early summer trip to Wisconsin.

Fairfield Lake State Park is a state park located in Freestone County, Texas, United States, northeast of Fairfield on the shores of Fairfield Lake. The park is 1,460 acres (591 ha).²

History³

Fairfield Lake State Park, 1,460 acres, is northeast of the city of Fairfield in Freestone County. The park was acquired in 1971-1972 by lease from Texas Utilities and was opened to the public in 1976.

The history of the area around Fairfield Lake State Park resembles that of much of rural eastern Texas. Long occupied by Native Americans who hunted and fished its waterways, the land was first plowed in the mid-19th century and planted in cotton and corn by Anglo farmers and, about a third of the time, their African-American slaves. Following the Civil War, the crop-lien system took root. Blacks and whites alike worked in the service of the cotton crop until after World War II, when changes in American agriculture and increased employment opportunities away from the farm brought an end to the era of widespread cotton farming. Since that time, cattle ranching has prevailed throughout the region. The human population of the Brown Creek area, never large, is now widely scattered over the region. In this sparsely populated area, Texas Utilities built its dam, creating Fairfield Lake.

Post Endnotes

1. I am sharing some of my public domain images in periodic blog posts.
2. “Cellulitis.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, February 6, 2020. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://www.mayoclinic.org.
3. “Fairfield Lake State Park.” Wikipedia, as of September 10, 2021 edit. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://en.wikipedia.org…Fairfield_Lake_State_Park.
4. “Fairfield Lake State Park.” Fairfield Lake State Park History – Texas Parks & Wildlife Department, August 27, 2018. Accessed September 21, 2021. https://tpwd.texas.gov…park_history.

Series Notes:

• This image is also shared as public domain on Pixabay, Flickr, and Pinterest.
• Images are being shared in the sequence they were accepted by Pixabay, a royalty-free image-sharing site.
• Only images specifically identified as such are public domain or creative commons on our pages.
• All other images are copyright protected by me, creative commons, or used under the provisions of fair use.